Neonatal Intensive Care Technologies and Procedures

Environmental Control

• Incubators
• Radiant warmers
• Servo-controlled thermoregulation
• Heat shields
• Plastic wrap
• Humidification
• Control of noise and light

Vascular Access

• Umbilical artery/vein catheters
• Peripheral artery/vein catheters
• Central venous catheters
• Infusion and syringe pumps

Physiologic Monitoring

• Temperature
• Cardiorespiratory
  • Electrocardiogram
  • Thoracic impedance
  • Apnea/bradycardia alarms
  • Trend monitors
• Systemic blood presure
  • Oscillometric method
  • Indwelling artery catheter
• Central venous pressure
  • Oxygenation/ventilation
  • Arterial blood sampling
  • Capillary blood sampling
  • Pulse oximetry
  • Transcutaneous PO₂, PCO₂
  • End-tidal CO₂
• Pulmonary function testing

Laboratory Testing

• Micro sampling methods
• Bedside glucose testing
• Routine chemistry, hematology, serology
• Microbiology
• Pulmonary maturity
• Genetic analysis
• Metabolic screening

Diagnostic Imaging

• Radiography
• Ultrasonography
• Doppler echocardiography
• CT scanning
• MRI scanning
• Nuclear medicine scanning

Nutritional Support

• Parenteral nutrition
• Enteral feeding techniques
• Special formulas
• Breast milk supplements
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Trace elements

Blood Products

• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets
• Plasma
• Cryoprecipitate
• Coagulation factors
• Irradiation of blood products

Respiratory Support

• Supplemental oxygen
• Continuous positive airway pressure
• Chest physiotherapy
• Conventional ventilation
• High-frequency ventilation
• Surfactant
• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Delivery Room Resuscitation

Neonatal Pharmacotherapeutics

• Diuretics
• Xanthines
• Steroids
• Indomethacin
• Antimicrobials
• Heparin
• Vasopressors
• Sedatives/analgesics

Phototherapy

Neonatal Surgery/Anaesthesia

Psychosocial Interventions

• Unlimited parental visiting
• Parental involvement in care
• Skin-to-skin contact
• Infant stimulation
• Reducing noxious stimuli
• Nonnutritive sucking

Neonatal Transport

• Skilled transport teams
• Air/ground transport

Other Diagnostic Testing

• Electroencephalogram
• Evoked response audiometry